Hydraulic control for mechanisms



Dec. 26, 1950 W. T. BLAKE HYDRAULIC CONTROL FOR MECHANISMS Filed June ll, 1946 V INVENTOR. BY MK 2%@ Patented Dec. 26, 1950 Claims. 1: inventionf` relates; to hydraulic controlling* or` governihg'zdevices for' mi-Jehami'sms'4 it, has particular reference to' cushioning.' devices come monlyA referred* tirA asfdash pots;` controls; andv the lilre;` andi` its` principaloiijeot residesrirrrtlre provision ofi1 ai mechanism.' which? istu especially adaptab'leetoiusefin.addingo machines, vbooltlreepingi machines, andfthezllike; in which` speedcontrof devices ane:` essential to their;` smoothr and' eiicient operation and insure-` a minimum? off iiuidloss andi` difliculties arising from the presencezof'aiirirnthe` prevent excessf slice-lcr on -fastr moving mechanisms while capable of.`- suiilcient `flexibilityV to' insure the properfunction` of `'such mechanisms andV embody# ing: Ieaturesfof." design which minimize the neces--l sity for: maintenanceA and care;

Broadly,` theinVentiOn seeks tocomprehend thefprovisionV of a simple,4 compactLm-echanism irr which is arranged a plurality of sealed fluid com pa-rtments capable.' off retainingfthevhydraulic actuatingf fluid in operationl and? preventing` the? ingress of ain or theoccurrencef` of vacuum regarde lessfofitheposition ofth'e invention'.

While the foregoing" objects are` paramount-,E

other andY lesser objects will' become manifest ass` the description: proceeds-taken in connection: with; the appended drawimgsV wherein:

Figure` 1 is a longitudinal crossesectionalf viewf of' thel invention shownainhorizontal'positiorr and illustrating lthe fluid in the several chambers:

Figure 2 i illustrates the invention ini upright: position andshows'rthe i'nternalfpartsrin` elevation while the cylinder is illustrated` in: longitudinali section@ and shows the iiuid level in the upper chamber.

Figure 3 shows the inventioninverted and illustrates; the; internal parts in? elevation; while the cylinder is shown in longitudinali section@v and:-

shows the fiuidlevel..intheJOWermost chamber.

Figure 4 is a lateral sectional view ofthe invention, taken on lines 4-4 ofrFigure l, illustra-tingf the oricesin the well in the can,V and Figure 51sanother lateralsectional view,` taken on lines 5-5 of Figure 2, showing an operative surface of the piston.

It is the primary purpose of the invention to provide a control device for such mechanisms as bookkeeping and other calculating or business machines, but it is equally desirable to afford apparatus capable: ofi effectiveV control; of any." type orH nrechanism: requiring a cushioning'actiong, on cheek;-` and the'ainventibn may' wellserve the' pure pose of shock absorbers'f'ormotor vehicles; on tiieliina- It1isnotvintended,l therefore; that-.its el'd' off 'usefuiness'fbalimitedi in any manner-.-

Accordingly, therefore, thevinvention: comprises` @cylinder lil; of' conventional design", having one end, H: closedi` Thereemay be` meansf associated with' the closed f endl lil:` of@ the: cylinder' l0, suchy as" the7 integral: apenturedboss: it, for connecting; the:- same': to i the: controlledf. mechanism: in some' manner; asabyalinkage (not shown); Therap-- posite: endf iii1 of? thezcylind'er' IU is opemandlisr providedfvvithu a: suitable arrangement for securing a cap Ill thereto as by the threads l5 fornnei'l` interna-llyfof' the open: end-".13` ofthecylinder Ifll A. plurality of chambers: or L compartments: 16'-, I and: illn are formed,iii-,the` cylinder l ll/by spaced diisiisi1 orrcirculan partitions 159: whiohzaref, illus;

tratada inf the drawings` as beinggsecuredf byspacers Any otheir suitable meansA for.V

Milt-o tliefoap,l I4.. fixedly-4 retainingthese disksn t9. mas7 be4 provided; howeveniasby.; retaining screws arrangedt'hrouglr the cylinder Wall, or'l either,W devices;

It is important that the disks I9 closely engage thelinner Walls-oi?l thecylinder lai).` teinsure a- 'ui'dtiglrt sea-L therearcmnd` and prevent theduidt 2 l` from migrating,Y between the=chambers1andxtolpre vent theY passage off ain. 'Ehe spacers 210` may comprise integral posts, as: illustrated, or any other suitabledevice:` which` will'. permit the' free movementof.,thefiiuidiV to all partsof the chambers- Asf apparent in Figures: l, 2iand Sithe: chamber |8;. inl theflolosed end of the cylinder llt, has no; outlet-fer the fluid 2|l and a; pistoni-Z2 is operativelyarrangedv therein. Thepiston. 22 `isofi-conventional design andV has` a stem: 2-3f arranged*- through each-tof the; disks I9? andthe' cap I4- and; its outer en'dvisl threaded; atafior: convenient attachment ofalever theretofr (not shown) f. Obw vioush?l` tl'iestemA 23 shouldnt closelfyiA in the disksV I'tto insurer the` minimum. of; fluida-passage there-4 around".A Itmay'bEdeSirabIe to employ some typez on packing; for` thisV purpose' aswelllv as? about the` peripheriesfoffthe:disks |19.. Suclrarequirement; however, would?` depend upon; the; use to Whichthe invention is applied.

The piston 22 is provided with orices 24 to permit the passage of uid thereby in its ltravel in the chamber I8. Palpably, the size of the orices will govern the speed of the piston 2! and provision can be made for varying these by aff fording changeable ferrules 25 which can be threaded into the apertures in the piston 22. A circular baie 26 is attached to the stern 23 and spaced from the piston 22 to retard the passage of fluid 2| through the orifices 24. The size of the baille 2B and its spacing from the piston 22 may vary according to individual requirements.

The cap I4 is formed with a well 21 extending interiorly of the cylinder l0, as shown particularly in Figure l, and has a plurality of orifices or vents 28 at its bottom 29. chamber It adjacent to the cap |11 and admits air thereto. The purpose of the well 21 is that of providing a retention for the fluid 2| against leakage through the cap I4 about the stem 23 regardless of the position in which the cylinder I is arranged, as depicted in Figures 1, 2 and 3.

The cylinder Ill is filled with fluid 2| to a level just below the lower end 29 of the well 21, when in upright position as shown in Figure 2, and, by reason of the predetermined spacing of the disks I9 from the cap M and the depth of the well21, it is impossible for the huid 2| to escape from the chamber i2 through the orifices 28 in any position of the invention.

The chambers il and I3 remain completely filled with fluid and are sealed against air intake or loss ci fluid by the closely fitting disks lI9. The fluid in the chamber i6, being subject only to atmospheric pressure, serves to aid in creating a seal for the chambers l? and I8 and a reservoir for the fiuid 2|, particularly when employed in the position shown in Figure 2i. The central chamber il is filled with an inert body of fluid which, except for expansion due to varying temperatures, completely seals the working chamber I8.

By providing the inert body of uld in the chamber il no iiuid can escape from the Iworking chamber EIS on the upstroke of the piston 22 and thus no vacuum can occur below the piston to affect or disturb its function as in devices of conventional design. The very negligible displacement of the stem 23 in the working chamber i8 does not produce a vacuum sufficient to affect the operation of the piston 22 to any noticeable degree.

It is contemplated that certain changes and modifications may be resorted to by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

' `1. In a governing device for hydraulically controlled mechanisms, in combination with a cylinder integrally closed at one end and having a piston operating therein and a cap detachably secured to the open end of said cylinder, a plurality of partitions arranged in said cylinder transverse to the longitudinal axis thereof and spaced successively from said cap `providing a sealed fluid chamber therein for said piston toward its closed end, a stem for said piston operatively arranged through said partitions and said cap and means comprising an annular well formed interiorly of said cap embracing said stem and having perforations in its inner end, said means being arranged to prevent escape of fiuid' below a predetermined level from said cylinder while admitting air thereinto in Varying positions.

The vents 28 open into the 2. In a hydraulic governing device for controlling mechanical action, in combination, a cylinder having one end closed and a removable cap on its opposite end, a piston operatively arranged in said cylinder having a stem operating through said cap, a plurality of spaced partitions in one end of said cylinder surrounding said stem and providing a closed fluid compartment for said piston and at least one closedl fluid compartment adjacent thereto toward said cap, venting means formed with said cap comprising a well extending into said cylinder and surrounding said stem, said well preventing escape of fiuid below a predetermined level from said cylinder in any position.

3. In a hydraulic device for controlling action in mechanisms, in combination, a cylinder having a closed end and a cap detachably secured at its opposite end, a piston operating in said cylinder having a stem arranged through said cap, a plurality of spaced partitions in said cylinder embracing said stem providing a sealed fluid compartment enclosing said piston and at least one sealed iiuid compartment adjacent thereto toward said cap, a uid compartment formed by one of said partitions adiacent to said capand a vented well formed with said cap and extending into its adiacent compartment around said piston stem preventing escape of fluid. below a predetermined level from said cylinder in any position thereof.

4. In a hydraulic device for controlling action in mechanisms, in combination with a cylinder closed at one end and having a detachable cap on its opposite end, a plurality of spaced partitions arranged transversely of said cylinder defining at least two sealed iiuid chambers therein, a piston operating in one of said chambers and having a stem extending through each of said partitions and said cap, a huid chamber formed adiacent to said cap, and vented means formed on said cap and extending into its said fluid chamber retaining fiuid below a predetermined level in the latter in any position of said cylinder.

5. In a 'hydraulic governing device for controlling mechanical action, in combination, acylinder having one end closed and a cap detachably secured to its opposite end, a plurality' ofspaced disks removably arranged in said cylinder defining at least two sealed uid chambersI therein and a vented fluid chamber adjacent to said cap, a piston operating in one of said sealed chambers having a stem operatively arranged through each of said disks and said cap, and vented means formed with said cap extending into said vented chamber preventing escape of fluid below a predetermined level therefrom in any position of said chamber.

WILLIAM T. BLAKE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent: 

